Smiter
Dunce Cap For A Bit
Tournaments should have a statement about Rules, including reference to the USGA Rules of Golf as well as any "local Rules" to be observed during tournament play.
For establishing and, or, maintaining a handicap I think most regional golf associations allow/expect observance of both USGA Rules as well as local course Rules.
For non tournament play and, or, players choosing not to post scores for handicap purposes, I guess it is up to the customer (player) to decide the Rules he/she wants to observe.
Out of everyone that I golf with, which on a regular basis is about 10 people, my 13 year old and myself are the only two that maintain a HC or even care about the rules. At all. We've taken more self called panalties than the other 8 or so combined. Yet.... the one time I actually used a rule to benefit me, you'd have thought I just massacred an entire species of puppies, lol. Such was the crap I took from the rest of the group. Cheater! They cried out, while fluffing every single lie in the 84 rounds I've played with them, lol.
Im far from a rules expert but I play to them as best I can and when I run into something I don't know, I research it post round. Fool me once, etc.